Sand can be made into chips, mainly because the main component of sand is silicon dioxide, silicon is the main raw material of chips. When sand becomes silicon, it needs to be purified. Friends who pay attention to international current affairs recently should have heard of lithography machines, which are mainly used to carve circuits on silicon wafers. By controlling the laser to remove the photoresist on the surface of the silicon wafer, the circuit can be carved on the surface of the photoresist.
Package: After the previous step, the CPU becomes a wafer form and needs to be encapsulated in a ceramic or plastic case for easy installation on the circuit boardUp. Advanced packaging technology can improve the electrical performance and stability of the chip. Multiple tests: Testing is an important part of CPU manufacturing and is used to check the electrical performance of the wafer and determine whether there are errors and where they occur. Each CPU core is tested individually to ensure that it is functioning properly.
The sand is purified and converted into silica. The silica is reduced to pure silicon by a chemical reaction. Pure silicon is cut into normalized silicon wafers (dimensions 0.4 cm x0.4 cm x0.05 cm). Using a 0.001 nm laser beam and an electron microscope, in siliconA layout diagram of about 10 transistors is drawn on the surface of the chip.
3. TSMC is the world's largest semiconductor contract manufacturerOne of them has an important position in the supply chain. Last year, as the US government imposed sanctions on Huawei, TSMC also stopped supplying chips to Huawei under the influence and shifted production lines to non-Huawei orders. But recently, according to Taiwanese media reports, TSMC announced that it has been approved to re-supply chips to Huawei.
4, Huawei suffered from the oppression of the Americans this year, has lost tens of millions of dollars, but what is more excessive is that the United States also issued a ban order, not to let TSMC accept Huawei's orders, which can be said to make Huawei company has no way out, because no enterprise in China can make its own Kirin chip, noThe market value of the first day of issuance exceeded 100 billion, which was the highest market value IPO in the semiconductor field this year. So today, Xiaobian is here to sort out the relevant knowledge of domestic chips, let's take a look together! Haiguang Information was established in 2014, the main products are high-end universal processor (CPU) and coprocessor (DCU). At present, Hefei Changxin's 19nm DDR3 memory chip is still in the factory test stage, and the shipment time is tentatively scheduled for the first quarter of 2022. It is expected that in the second half of 2022, Hefei Changxin will increase the DDR3 memory chip production capacity.
1, overall, in the RF three major parts, the technical level gap between domestic manufacturers and foreign manufacturers is not large, some domestic manufacturers have a certain strength and foreign manufacturers horizontal comparison. In terms of product performance of specific enterprises, electroksi Instrument represents the highest level of domestic manufacturers in the three major RF products, followed by Chengdu Jiujin, whose three major RF product performance is close to the highest level of domestic manufacturers.
2, second, is the substitution of localization, although some domestic semiconductor companies, the strength and advanced companies in the United States still have a certain gap, but neverIn the past few years, the future semiconductor industry will fully implement localization replacement, only in this way, it will not be choked by Western countries, which provides a very good market opportunity for many competitive domestic chip companies, such as in the video chip, domestic SOC chip companies can be a good alternative to Nvidia chips.
3, Huatian Technology: net profit of 63 million yuan in the first quarter, an increase of 276%, the company's overseas revenue accounted for 59%, is one of the leading sealed test, production capacity ranked third in domestic professional packaging enterprises, orders in the second quarter were full. Zhuo Shengwei: first quarter net profitRun 5.2 billion yuan, an increase of 263%, the company's overseas revenue accounted for 72%, is the RF leader, Qualcomm chip suppliers, four new local manufacturing and sealing plants.
4, SMIC from 2009 domestic customers accounted for only 10%, to now domestic customers accounted for 50%. The benefits of localization substitution are very obvious. The most important thing is that the process breaks through the 14nm mass production standard, 12nm is imported and verified, and the next generation breakthrough is imminent, providing strong support for Huawei's domestic replacement. Storage is actually three, Yangtze River storage, Hefei Changxin, and Jinhua. Trade war, Jinhua was sacrificed, this is aboutRate.
5, the second point of the current domestic mobile phone only Huawei can do, even in the international Huawei also has a small brand influence, but Huawei is currently sanctioned, can not have a good impact on the high-end market, so other mobile phone manufacturers can only start from the first point, as far as possible to ensure the quality and fluency of mobile phones. A high-end mobile phone brand must have its own core technology, but also must polish its own system to ensure good product quality control.
6, if you want to further break the game, the least our domestic mobile phone manufacturers need to do is to solve the high-endChip supply problem. Before this, Huawei's Honor once seized the corresponding high-end market, but because Huawei's Honor was affected by the chip shortage supply problem, Huawei's Honor was under the market competitiveness stage.
1, the United States on the limitation of China's computing power: challenges and opportunities coexist, how to break the domestic alternative road? On the stage of global science and technology competition, the United States' restrictions on Chinese chips, especially in the GPU field, are increasingly severe. 2022 and 202The three-year ban, which targets high-performance Gpus, is driven by deep concerns about China's catch-up in artificial intelligence.
2, our domestic chips need to further accelerate the process of independent research and development. Because the GPU chip itself needs to use the technology precipitation nuclear test precipitation, especially for the single-stage gpu, the chip technology itself will have a series of patent blockades, but also there is a very high production difficulty, so our domestic chip is difficult to directly replace the Nvidia and AMD chips in a short time.
3, material. At present, the mainstream chips are made of silicon materials, and silicon materialsA large number of patented technologies are in the hands of the United States, and if you want to achieve a percentage of independent technology, you need to start from the basics and change the material direction of the chip. Some people have proposed using graphene as a chip material, as a carbon-based chip, the performance will be above the silicon-based chip, but also can change lanes to overtake.