2, a more advanced lithography machine, can process more than 200 wafers per hour, to the mainstream 300 mm wafer as an example, each wafer can produce hundreds of qualified chips, then a lithography machine, can produce more than 2000 chips per hour, but this is only the ideal state.
3, Mask Aligner, also known as: mask aligner exposure machine, exposure system, lithography system. Common lithographyThe machine is Mask Alignment lithography, so it is called Mask Alignment System. It refers to the process of homogenizing glue on the surface of the silicon wafer, and then transferring the pattern on the mask plate to the photoresist to temporarily "copy" the device or circuit structure to the silicon wafer.
Lithography machines are currently mainly manufactured by several developed countries, the most well-known of which is the Dutch ASML company. ASML is the world's largest supplier of lithography machines, with a leading position in technology and market share. The success of the Netherlands in lithography machinery is not only due to its advanced scientific and technological strength, but also inseparable from its deep accumulation in microelectronics, optics, precision machinery and other fields.
Currently in the field of manufacturing lithography machinesThe Netherlands has reached a leading global level, with Dutch ASML companies accounting for 80% of the global market share. In addition to the Netherlands, lithography machines can also be manufactured in Japan and China. The Japanese companies are Canon and Nikon, and the Chinese companies are Shanghai Microelectronics.
Now China's microelectronics 5nm etching machine has begun to become TSMC 5nm production line to provide equipment support, which means that home semiconductor equipment is constantly improving, and TSMC's recognition is enough to prove the strength of ChinaMicro semiconductor, now etching machine has made significant progress, domestic lithography opportunities far behindAfter? It is believed that with the efforts of many domestic companies, these two national heavyweights will reach new heights in the future.
German optical systems account for 14%, which is the crystallization of the world's top technology. At present, China's lithography machine field is still in the initial stage of development, Shanghai Microelectronics has been able to achieve 90nm lithography machine mass production. However, after 90nm, there are 65nm, 45nm, 32nm, 22nm, 14nm, 10nm, 7nm, 5nm, these node technologies step by step, and some of them may not be able to update a generation for several years. Just the first step in a long journey.
The world only China, Japan, the Netherlands can manufacture lithography machine, Japan's representative enterprises are Nikon, Canon, once the lithography machine "king", later by the Netherlands ASML reverse after a slump, and China can also manufacture lithography machine, but not up to the fine level of the top lithography machine.
1, China's lithography machine from the world's advanced level, there is still a big gap. First, the world's most advanced lithography machine has achieved the goal of 5nm. This is Dutch ASML implementation. And ASML can not be accomplished by itself, but by international cooperation. Among them, the equipment to manufacture the light source is from the United States; The lenses are from the German Zeiss company. It's also a combination of global technology.
2, lithography machine is a very advanced product, can be produced has been very powerful. The Netherlands can manufacture high-end lithography machines, while China is becoming more and more advanced in science and technology, but it can only manufacture low - and medium-end lithography machines.
3, ASML's lithography machine has been able to manufacture chips below 7nm process, singleIf you don't work hard, you'll still be taking corners.
5, and the current cooperation with SMIC is in the mass production of 14nm chips, and if SMIC lacks a lithography machine, it will not be able to achieve the mass production of chips, which will also affect Huawei's next development.
6, the domestic company that can develop lithography machine is Shanghai Microelectronics Equipment Company, the current company's most advanced lithography machine product is 600 series lithography machine. The SSX600 series lithography machine can achieve a maximum of 90nm process, and the high-end lithography machine of ASML in the Netherlands has been able to achieve 5nm process.What level is the machine at
1, China's lithography machine from the world's advanced level, there is still a big gap. First, the world's most advanced lithography machine has achieved the goal of 5nm. This was achieved by ASML in the Netherlands. And ASML can not be accomplished by itself, but by international cooperation. Among them, the equipment to manufacture the light source is from the United States; The lenses are from the German Zeiss company. It's also a combination of global technology.
2, China's lithography machine in the world's advanced level, but did not reach the top level: China's lithography machine development has beenThe lithography machine, which is close to 28 nm, can meet the requirements and standards of everyday RF chips, Bluetooth chips and some chips in other electrical appliances. However, compared with the lithographic machine chips in European and American countries such as Finland, it has reached single-digit nanometers.
3, in the high-end lithography market, ASML is in full swing, and its EUV lithography machine leads the revolution of processes below 7nm. Nikon and Canon have different focuses, and Canon is mainly active in the middle and low end of the market, and its packaging, LED and panel lithography technology is unique. Nikon, on the other hand, is following ASML with its FPD lithographyThe technology has a place in the panel market, but the maturity of EUV technology still needs to be improved.
4, China's ninety nanometer lithography machine, the level in this field should belong to the first-class level. However, it is still far from the level of foreign countries, after all, foreign lithography machines can produce chips within ten nanometers, and this year China is still far from being able to do. In this regard, our country is also trying to catch up, but it can not be achieved in the short term, after all, our country in the lithography machine this step is far later than foreign countries.
5, the overall growth of lithography machine imports, mainly from Japan, the Netherlands importsIn terms of import trade, the data show that from 2017 to 2020, the number and amount of imports of lithography machines in China will rise first and then. In 2020, the number of imports will be 239 units, and the import value will be 15.5 billion US dollars. From January to July 2021, the number and amount of imports were 248 units and $700 million, respectively, exceeding the level of the whole year of 2020.
6, China's lithography machine development is still good. In 2020, "Even if I gave you the complete drawings, you wouldn't be able to build a lithography machine." In January 2022, "It is unlikely that China will independently develop top lithography technology, but it is not to say that it will not.Fine. Because I know the laws of physics are the same in China as they are here, never say never, they will definitely try.
With the continuous production of innovative technologies of micro semiconductor, in a period of time, micro semiconductor was resolutely blocked by the United States technology, until 2015, the United States did not give up the technical blockade of micro semiconductor companies. Medium and microIn the 11th year of the establishment of semiconductors, SMIC once again developed the first most advanced 5nm etching machine, and since then, China's 5nm etching machine has established a leading position in the world's 5nm etching machine technology. Speaking of Yin Zhiyao, we are not familiar with him, but compared with us, we are not unfamiliar with the domestic etching machine, we are not unfamiliar with the Kirin chip used in Huawei mobile phones, and the above will have a difficult connection with Yin Zhiyao. Yin Zhiyao, as an expert in semiconductor materials, worked for more than ten years at Microsoft and lam Research Institute in the United States, but he suddenly chose to return to China when he was nearly 60 years oldThere are many reasons.
After years of testing, under the leadership of Yin Zhiyao, these experts have really produced semiconductor patents that only belong to China's patents, especially in the etching machine, the etching machine developed by micro semiconductor has achieved a breakthrough of 100 million words to one billion words engraved on rice grains, completely breaking through the technological monopoly of foreign etching machines.
In response, the United States has also quickly taken action, in an attempt to prevent the continued development of micro and medium companies. But micro and medium companies have managed to overcompete, not only by avoiding the American blow, but also by outpacing the current development in the United States. In April 2017Micro and medium companies officially announced that they have mastered 5nm technology and will also release 5nm etching machines. This announcement also indicates that China has broken through the monopoly of the United States in nanotechnology and entered the peak of semiconductor science and technology.
Autonomous and controllable. In 2020, micro and medium companies have launched 5nm etching machines, which have also received a large number of orders from chip manufacturing giant companies such as TSMC and Samsung. Under the current circumstances, micro and medium companies have become the mainstay of the global etching machine industry. From the process equipment to the system, all are independently produced by micro and medium companies.