The low temperature performance of ternary lithium battery pack is better than that of lithium iron phosphate battery. Ternary lithium battery packs have better low-temperature performance and greater density. Because ternary anode materials have advantages in battery specific energy, specific power, large rate charging, low temperature performance, etc., ternary lithium-ion batteries will also be better in terms of cycle performance. Therefore, the potential of ternary lithium-ion batteries will also be greater.
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The low temperature performance of ternary lithium battery pack is better than that of lithium iron phosphate battery
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Under low temperature conditions (temperature below -10 ° C), lithium phosphate batteries decay very fast, after less than 100 charge and discharge cycles, the battery capacity will drop to 20% of the initial capacity, basically insulated with the use of cold areas; The ternary lithium battery pack has excellent low temperature performance, and can maintain normal battery capacity under the condition of -30 ° C, which is more suitable for the use of low temperature areas in the north.
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From the manufacturing cost point of view, the cobalt element necessary for ternary lithium battery packs is less in our country, most of them rely on overseas imports, and are very affected by market fluctuations, so the cost of ternary lithium battery packs will inevitably remain high, and the raw materials required for lithium iron phosphate batteries do not need to be imported, the supply is sufficient, the price is stable, and the cost is relatively low.
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The specific energy and power of the ternary lithium battery pack are larger. In addition, ternary lithium battery packs also have great advantages in terms of large rate charging, and low temperature resistance.
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China has a vast territory and a complex climate, from the northernmost northeast provinces to the southernmost Hainan Islands, the temperature changes are very rich. Taking Beijing as an example, as the main market for electric vehicles, the highest temperature in Beijing in summer is about 40 ° C, while in winter it is basically kept at about minus 16 ° C, or even lower. This temperature range is obviously suitable for ternary lithium battery packs with better low temperature performance. The lithium iron phosphate battery, which focuses on high temperature resistance, will appear a little weak in Beijing's winter.
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The temperature characteristics of the ternary low temperature lithium battery pack are indicators of battery reliability, and the performance of the battery can also be evaluated by changing the ambient temperature. The low-temperature characteristics of ternary lithium batteries are mainly examined from the low-temperature discharge characteristics and cycle life, and the most important thing for low-temperature batteries is to maintain the fluidity of the material under low temperature conditions, so that lithium ions can freely shuttle between the positive and negative electrodes, and realize the charge and discharge of the battery.
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At present, ternary lithium battery manufacturers at home and abroad can basically achieve a discharge temperature of -20 degrees, and the discharge capacity is greater than 50%, and the cycle life is about 400 times, which can fully meet the ordinary electrical appliances and electricity scenarios. However, in aerospace, special equipment and other special products, or in northern, alpine and other cold environments, ternary lithium battery packs must be able to achieve lower discharge operating temperatures to meet the harsh conditions of use.
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The low temperature performance attenuation of lithium iron phosphate battery is one of its major defects. Research shows that a 3500mAh battery, if working in an environment of -10 ° C, after less than 100 charge and discharge cycles, the power will sharply decay to 500mAh. As the main market for pure electric vehicles, Beijing's winter temperature is often around minus 16 ° C, which will cause great trouble for car owners.
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Lithium iron phosphate batteries actually have a fatal weakness, that is, poor low temperature performance, even the current nano and carbon packaging can not effectively solve this problem. According to research, a lithium iron phosphate battery with a capacity of 3500mAh, if it works in an environment of minus 10 degrees, it will attenuate 85% of its capacity after less than 100 cycles, which is no different from scrapping. The low temperature performance of the ternary lithium battery pack is strong, and it will only decay 1% to 2% per month.
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Through the above analysis, it is not difficult to find that although the lithium iron phosphate battery is slightly better in high temperature resistance and cycle life, the terpolymer lithium battery pack has obvious advantages in energy density, driving range, low temperature performance and charging efficiency, and shows greater development possibilities.