At present, there is no clear determination of the definition of fast charge by relevant organizations, and everyone has their own set of understanding of fast charge.
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Fast, different from slow, there is a reference can be used as a basis for judgment.
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USB standard power supply voltage 5V, iPhone 11 using Apple 5V1A 5W charging that is definitely included in the slow charge is no doubt, and use the Apple 2.4A protocol to reach 12W charging power, or use USB-C to Lightning through the PD charger to obtain more than 18W power, both are fast charge.
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In terms of Android formation, the voltage increase through QC can also be included in fast charging, VOOC, SCP and other changes in low voltage and high current are also fast charging, and PD super power charging is of course fast charging.
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In short, the method of using different means to improve the charging power can be summarized as fast charging.
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Second, when did the fast charge come out?
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What the hell is fast charge?
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As early as the Nokia era, electronic products to maintain battery life most of the means to replace the battery, when the electronic product function of a single low power consumption, a battery can be used for a few days, the need to extend the battery with a few batteries is normal operation, it can be said that the market at that time there is no fast charge demand.
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What the hell is fast charge?
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Until the Samsung Note giant screen mobile phone listing, the supporting charger for the first time appeared strange specifications, the output voltage is not 5V but 5.3V, and with line loss compensation function to offset the voltage drop loss of the wire to increase the charging power, at this time users found that the charger charging speed is much faster than other 5V chargers, with a fast and slow comparison. So the experience of \"fast charging\" was vaguely born for the first time.
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What the hell is fast charge?
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In 2014, OPPO launched the Find7 mobile phone equipped with VOOC flash charge, charging five minutes to talk for two hours is deeply popular, but only OPPO users enjoy this fun. In 2015, Qualcomm QC2.0 mobile phones were launched in large numbers, based on common technical standards and a variety of third-party accessories, at this time, fast charging officially kicked off, and most users enjoyed the fun of fast charging for the first time.
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Third, USB-C unified promote the development of PD fast charge
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As early as December 2013, the USB-IF Association in the United States announced the USB-C interface, and then in 2014, the relevant industry chain began to be ready for large-scale mass production. The USB-C interface supports double-sided blind insertion, which solves the experience of positive and negative re-insertion for visual observation at the device end. Up to 24pin allows the interface to support 100W power transmission 20Gbps data transmission, and the addition of a PPS voltage subset in the later PD3.0 standard has sustainable development potential.
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What the hell is fast charge?
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In 2015, many products were born with USB-C for the first time, the first USB-C mobile phone letV Super Phone 1, the first USB-C notebook New Macbook, the first tablet Nokia N1, the first USB-C charger Apple 29W, the first USB-C charging Bao Yubo YB-CP1, and the first USB-C charging Bao Yubo YB-CP1. These pioneers have promoted the rapid popularity of USB PD in the future.
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The great unification of USB-C interface makes the industry full of vitality, all kinds of PD fast charging accessories are cheap, and after several years of market development, USB PD fast charging has almost entered all mainstream electronic products in 2020.
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Four, the composition of the fast charge system
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The fast charge system is composed of three major parts, responsible for providing power charger (power adapter), power transmission cable (data line), receiving device (digital products), each of them is a participant in the fast charge system.
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1, fast charger
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What the hell is fast charge?
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Previously, because of different voltage requirements and different interfaces, each device needed a corresponding charger, and the plugboard was densely filled with different chargers. Now the USB PD advanced communication mechanism allows different devices to communicate with the charger, ask for their own needs to match the voltage, whether it is up to 100W high-power notebook or only a few watts of TWS headphones, you can use the same PD charger to charge, and multi-port charger can also provide one-to-many services.
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From the device point of view, the traditional silicon-based charger is huge and inconvenient to carry, and the switching frequency must be increased to reduce the size of the charger, while the traditional silicon-based semiconductor cannot meet the high frequency characteristics, so the charger volume has been maintained at a larger level.
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In 2018, ANKER successfully mass-produced the first gallium nitride charger, announcing that the charger has entered another dimension. The high frequency and high efficiency of the gallium nitride charger can use smaller transformers, capacitors, inductors and other devices, and then with the three-dimensional stacked design, the volume of the gallium nitride charger is nearly half of that of the traditional charger under the same power.
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2, fast charge cable
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What the hell is fast charge?
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Fast charge in addition to the charger also need to use the data cable, the data cable for fast charge is mainly divided into USB-C to USB-C, USB-C to Lightning, USB-C to USB-A three.
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USB-C to USB-C, also known as CC wire, can be divided into 60W power transmission wire and 100W power transmission wire according to wire specifications and whether there is a 5A E-Marker chip, and users must use 5A E-Marker wire if they need to use more than 3A current. CC cable has become the most common wire for Android phones, tablets and notebooks.
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USB-C to Lightning is a special cable introduced by Apple for connecting to PD chargers. The applicable devices include iPhone, AirPods, middle and low-end iPad and other Apple devices. As a Lightning cable, each cable needs to pass MFi certification.
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There are two kinds of USB-C to USB-A, one is the special specification is mainly used for some special fast charging devices, such as Huawei low-voltage fast charging SCP, such as OPPO low-voltage fast charging VOOC, such as millet private magic change fast charging; The other is the general wire, the general wire does not support PD fast charging, only support QC, AFC, FCP, PE and other fast charging.
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3. Equipment
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What the hell is fast charge?
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In 2020, most digital products support fast charging, and mainstream devices such as Android phones, models after iPhone8, ipads, laptops, game consoles, TWS headphones, and smart wearables all support USB PD charging.
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Five, the future of fast charge technology core
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We take the mobile phone with rapid progress in fast charging technology as an example, a few years ago, the mainstream mobile phone QC fast charging power stagnated at 18W for a long time, and the full time was about 2 hours, as to why it was maintained for many years? That is because it is OK to use, but the heat brought by the low cost simple and rough QC high pressure fast charge can not be said to have any good experience. So Huawei and OPPO began to take the low-voltage direct charging route, which is faster and does not have too much heat, which has a great advantage compared with QC, and the charging speed is about 1 hour, which has a certain improvement.
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The following technologies used in fast charging have been stable and mature, compared with the previous slow evolution, reached the degree of cross-generation upgrade, and can be set as a rapid mainstream technology in the next few years or even ten years.
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1. Charge pump
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What the hell is fast charge?
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In 2017, Meizu launched the 55W Super mCharge fast charge technology in the world at MWC 2017, showing the charge pump technology that was very advanced at that time, providing technical verification value for various fast charge development routes in the future. Charge pump chip can provide voltage division function, the charger to improve the voltage transmission no longer need a strong wire to transfer large current, reduce line loss, into the mobile phone and then through the charge pump into the low voltage and large current, the entire system efficiency is very high far more than other buck IC.
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2, series direct charge technology
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What the hell is fast charge?
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In 2018, OPPO launched the 10V5A high voltage direct charge technology of series battery, the conversion circuit caused by heat in the mobile phone is transferred to the charger, and the two 4.4V batteries are converted into 8.8V battery pack after series, and the charging voltage and battery pack voltage do not have a large pressure difference, so that low heat and fast charge can be taken into account at the same time.
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3. Graphene-based batteries
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What the hell is fast charge?
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In 2020, the core of the fast charge battery finally ushered in a material change, the large-scale production of graphene-based batteries to make super-power fast charge out of PPT drawings, with charge pump and series charge technology, mobile phone charging power broke the 100W mark for the first time in history, and even exceeded the notebook power. OPPO, VIVO, Xiaomi have successfully mass-produced more than 100W fast charge flagship mobile phones, full speed is calculated in minutes.
The 60W fast charge is faster than the 5V charging method. This is because the 60W fast charge uses a higher power output, which can provide greater current and voltage, thus speeding up the charging speed.
The 5V charging method usually refers to ordinary USB charging, the standard output voltage is 5V, the power is low, and the charging speed is relatively slow. Therefore, if you want to charge your device faster, 60W fast charge is the preferred choice.