Because of the electron tunneling effect, the accepted limit of the crystal range is 5nm. According to quantum mechanical calculations, when the line width of the silicon chip is less than about 10nm, the possible line width limit is currently expected to be 1~10nm, not less than one nanometer.
The improvement of the process technology determines the size of the transverse area of the 3D transistor. inWithout destroying the silicon atoms themselves, there is a theoretical limit to chip manufacturing, at about 0.5nm, because there is also a certain distance between the silicon atoms themselves.
What we usually say about 5nm or 7nm is the width of the transistor (also called line width). The lowest layer of the chip is the mos tube, the smaller the feature size, the smaller the mos tube produced, which means the higher the integration of the chip, and then the cost is reduced.
The 5nm and 7nm of the chip are the width between the transistors inside the chip. And the smaller the number, the more advanced the technology, so it's important>
3, the nano (nm) chip is the smallest size that can be achieved by semiconductor manufacturing technology, which represents the limit of microelectronics technology. The reason 1 nanometer chip is considered the limit of microelectronics technology is because at this size, it is very difficult to manufacture due to the existence of physical limitations.
1, the current theoretical prediction of the limit is about 3nm. At present, 10nm has completed the demonstration of the initial stage of mass production, and 7nm has basically completed the research and development of the laboratory stage. 5nm,Even 3nm is just a matter of time.
2, therefore, it is currently expected that the possible line width limit is 1~10nm, not less than one nanometer.
3, this is infinitely low, the current strongest is 22 nanometers, but there is a possibility of further reduction to 8 nanometers. Other units smaller than the nanometer are picomi and femomi. In the future, it is also possible to slowly upgrade from the 90 picomi process.
4, in theory, the CPU frequency is no upper limit. But the reality is that as the frequency of the CPU increases, its power consumption and heat increase, but not linear increaseThe frequency of the former mainstream products is generally less than 4GHz. So, the CPU frequency has a limit, but this limit, I don't know how much, because the technology is developing.
5, what is the limit of the cpu production process 5nm With the progress of science and technology, the CPU production process is no limit. Ten years ago, it was said that the micron level was the limit, and now it has been done at the nanometer level; With the advancement of science and technology, it is possible to achieve 1 nanometer, 0.1 nanometer or smaller units.
6, purely from the production process, of course, the smaller the manufacturing process the better. Currently Intel series producerArt reaches 14 nanometers; AMD series production process up to 32 nanometers. What is the manufacturing process: The manufacturing process refers to the manufacturing process of the CPU or GPU, or the size of the transistor gate circuit, in nanometers (nm).
1, nm chip is not the limit. In the future, the materials used to make chips may be more diverse. At present, most chips are based on silicon, and the accuracy of silicon-based chips can only reach 1nm.
2, nano (nm) chips are the current semiconductor manufacturingThe smallest size that technology can reach, it represents the limit of microelectronics technology. The reason 1 nanometer chip is considered the limit of microelectronics technology is because at this size, it is very difficult to manufacture due to the existence of physical limitations.
3, nm chip is not the limit. 1nm is the molar limit, that is, the ultimate accuracy of silicon-based chips can only reach 1nm in theory, but due to the limitations of the natural environment, its actual accuracy can never reach 1nm. The smaller the process, the smaller the power consumption, in the case of achieving the same function, the heat is small, and the battery can be used for a longer time.
4,It's the limit. The chip is equivalent to the "motherboard" of the computer, which refers to the carrier of the integrated circuit, and the result of the integrated circuit after design, manufacturing, packaging and testing. It is usually an independent whole that can be used immediately.
5, nm chip is not the limit depends on the specific development of the chip industry. Generally speaking, 1nm chips are the limit. The manufacturing process of the chip is to inject transistors into the silicon-based material, the more transistors the stronger the performance, want to improve the chip process, it is necessary to increase the number of transistors per unit chip area.
6. Physical limit. Because of TSMC and Samsung's thinkingThe road is to make the deleted pole into a three-dimensional, so the limit of the new technology can only be more than 1 nanometer, because it is smaller than the atom, so 1nm means the physical limit.
1, so when the process breaks through the physical limit, then want to seek new manufacturing technology can not simply from the reduction of the grid length of the article, after all, has been as small as 7nm,Adding a variety of other auxiliary devices to reduce the leakage problem will not be worth the cost.
2, because the current chip work mode is still classical logic circuit. When the process is smaller than 5nm, quantum effects dominate.
3, but if you want to develop a chip below 1nm, the "universal" Moore's law will fail on the silicon-based chip, which is also the limit of silicon-based chips. Of course, 1nm is absolutely impossible to become the bottom line of people's research chips, so if you want to solve this problem, you must find a chip material that can replace silicon.
4, nm and 7 nmThe main difference is transistor density. The former has more than 700 million transistors per square millimeter, 80% higher than 7nm. Hard numbers are hard to understand. In simple terms, 7nm can accommodate three G76 cores, and now it can accommodate five. Another improvement is the optimization of performance and power consumption.
5, for EUV lithography, the control system is very important. This system ensures alignment between the optical element and the lithographic template, enabling fabrication accuracy at the nanoscale. The control system also requires regular maintenance to ensure the stability and consistency of the equipment.