First, the United States is one of the most influential countries in scientific and technological research, as well as technological product innovation. Many of the most important inventions in human industrial history, including the cotton gin, general purpose parts, production lines, etc., originated in the United States, and industrial production lines were especially important, which made industrial mass production from a dream to a reality. Other important inventions include the airplane, the light bulb, and the telephone. The United States was the first to develop the atomic bomb, bringing human science and technology into the new era of the atomic age. In scientific research, American scholars have won a large number of Nobel Prizes, especially in the fields of biology and medicine. The National Center for Health Research is the focus of biomedical science in the United States, and has completed the human genome project, so that human cancer, Alzheimer's disease and other diseases have entered an important stage of cure research.
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japan
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Japan's scientific research and development capability ranks among the top in the world, especially in the fields of applied science, machinery, and medicine. The Japanese government lists electronic technology, biotechnology and new material technology as the country's three pillar industrial technologies, and subdivides the key technologies of the three pillar industries into 16 items. Japan has many large groups and companies, such as Toshiba, Mitsubishi and so on, these companies have a very strong scientific research strength.
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britain
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The UK is one of the world's important research and development bases for high-tech and high value-added industries, and scientific research involves many scientific fields. With 1% of the world's population, the UK conducts 5% of the world's scientific research, accounts for 9% of published academic papers and 12% of citations, second only to the United States. The number of international prize winners accounts for about 10% of the world, and there are 78 Nobel Prize winners in science, ranking second in the world. Strong in biotechnology, aerospace and defense.
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germany
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Germany's scientific achievements are remarkable, and investment in research and development is a part of the overall economy. With 103 Nobel Prizes awarded to Germans, Germany has won more Nobel Prizes than any other country in the 20th century, especially in scientific fields such as physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine. Albert Einstein and Max Planck are important founders of modern physics. Germany is a mature country in the development and application of environmental technology, with enterprises investing more than 200 billion euros in the field of environmental technology, including power generation, sustainable energy vehicles, raw material efficiency, energy efficiency, waste management, resource recovery and sustainable water management.
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israel
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Israel has made significant contributions to the development of science and technology, and Israeli scientists have made outstanding contributions to genetics, computer science, optics, engineering, and other technical industries. Israel's research and development industry is best known for its military technology industry, but it is also well known for its research and development in agriculture, physics and medicine. The world's top companies, including Intel, IBM, Microsoft, HP, Yahoo, Google, Sun Microsystems, have R&D centers in Israel.
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sweden
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Sweden's scientific research is relatively developed, and the national scientific research strength is mainly concentrated in the state-funded universities at all levels, professional institutes, the Royal Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Engineering, and the subordinate R&D departments funded by enterprises. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences is Sweden's highest academic institution and largest scientific center. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences is an independent scientific institution that does not belong to the government and is ranked in the world alongside the Royal Society of Britain, the French Academy of Sciences and the former Soviet Academy of Sciences.
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france
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Unlike Britain, France maintains its scientific and technological advantages through high national investment, and France has more than 50 Nobel Prize winners and more than 10 Fields Medal winners. France leads the world in 20 key areas of research, and although the romantic French seem to be more laid-back than the Japanese and Germans, they are more innovative and adventurous when it comes to scientific research. France has obvious advantages in aerospace, energy, material science and space technology.
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italy
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Italy has a good scientific tradition, and in the 20th century, nine scientists have won the Nobel Prize in physics, chemistry and medicine. Research institutions in Italy are divided into three parts, namely public research institutions, universities and enterprises research and development centers. Italy's high-tech industries are mainly concentrated in the fields of information and communication, aerospace, biopharmaceutical, renewable energy, advanced technology materials, robotics and automation, and precision instruments.
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finland
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Finland is a country based on science and technology. Its education level, scientific and technological level has always been in the forefront of the world. In addition to Nokia, Finland, a small country of just over 5 million people, ranks in the top 10 in 17 of 20 key technology areas, such as computer science, where everyone knows windows, but computer professionals must know linux. The US Department of Defense report pointed out that Finland is the world's largest transfer of high-tech technology to China, and China's public information said that Finland is China's second largest technology transfer in Northern Europe.
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canada
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Canada is a highly developed capitalist country, thanks to rich natural resources and highly developed science and technology, it has become one of the world's highest standard of living, the richest society and the most developed economy. Canada has 33,800 science and technology personnel working in the federal government, 41.3% of them are engaged in research and development, and 58.7% are engaged in RSA. In March 2004, Canada officially became a member of the Moscow-based International Science and Technology Centre (ISTC).
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china
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China has made major scientific and technological achievements in the fields of computer, aerospace, bioengineering, new energy, new materials and laser technology. China has a large number of public research institutions, including the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Engineering and many research universities. Every year a large amount of state money is allocated for scientific research. International competitiveness in very large scale integrated circuits, supercomputers, aerospace, controlled thermonuclear fusion and other aspects is also rapidly improving.
The countries with the highest physical level in the world are Germany, the United States, Japan and other countries.