At present, computer components such as capacitors, transistors, hairspring, spring, etc., which are mainly composed of Ge, Si, Ins, InSb, GeAs, InAs, InAsP and multi-layer semiconductor heterostructure quantum Wells and other materials, and the use of materials on the volume of components, structure, weight, life, installation convenience, power consumption, frequency, etc. And resistance to pollution or corrosion plays a decisive role. In order to make further breakthroughs in the volume, transmission speed, power consumption and toughness of computers, the use of new materials is very important.
Now, scientists have built the world's smallest computer logic circuit, that is, a double-transistor element composed of a single molecule of carbon, and the material of this double transistor is carbon nanotubes, a hollow tube that is 100,000 times thinner than a human hair. Carbon nanotubes are the toughest substance in nature, ten times stronger than steel, and it also has super semiconductor capabilities, the future computer applications are most likely to replace silicon, as the main material for the manufacture of computer chips, with carbon nanotubes made of chips are five times faster than traditional chips. Future microprocessors made using carbon nanotube technology could make computers smaller, faster and more energy efficient. The use and promotion of carbon nanotubes will directly lead to a huge breakthrough in computing, which may lead to three-dimensional computers, the emergence of transparent three-dimensional computer desktop systems, which can allow people to manipulate web pages, documents and video data in the same way as ordinary desktop objects, and with the help of gestures and eye movements to achieve more complex functions. With such interactive technology and visual technology will extend the traditional computer interface desktop function, so that people naturally transition from two-dimensional screen to three-dimensional world. In short, when the basic material silicon is replaced by carbon nanotubes, future computers will be smaller, faster, and cheaper, and will be able to accomplish many tasks that could not be done before, further improving the performance of computers.
The dilemma that the currently commonly used silicon transistor manufacturing technology has reached its development limit due to the physical characteristics of silicon, which is difficult to continue, will be solved with the arrival of the carbon nanotube era. In the future, computers will move higher and faster.
Breakthroughs in volume size:
At present, \"laptop\" - laptop computer has become the standard for business office, study and research; Handheld computers, which can be held in the hand, have become essential for mobile work and home entertainment. When we are amazed at the rapid shrinkage of the size of the computer, convenient for production and life at the same time, with the emergence and use of transistors, even micro-transistors, the future computer as the size of the fingernail era is quietly coming.
The driving force behind the nail-sized leap in computer size is a new type of complementary metal-oxide semiconductor transistor, called the fin-effect transistor, which is less than 25 nanometers long and could be further shrunk to about 1\/10,000 the width of a human hair. This is a major breakthrough in semiconductor technology, which will become the absolute weapon of the future crystal chip designers to design supercomputers as small as fingernails.
From this point of view, the so-called breakthroughs in computers and the miracles of future development are based on the upgrading of the tiny components that make up computers, the updating of existing materials, and behind this is the continuous exploration of one neighborhood after another and generations of scientists. In the final analysis, the development of computer is the product of the development of scientific and technological trends, but also the crystallization of human wisdom.
Dramatic reduction in computer power consumption:
With the rapid development of computer technology and the rapid popularization of multi-core chips, the power consumption of computers has increased exponentially, and how to reduce power consumption under limited energy has become a problem that more and more people pay attention to. Therefore, the current new standard must be developed in the direction of low power consumption if it wants to gain the recognition of more users. The number of PCS in the world is growing by leaps and bounds every year. The annual PC power consumption is also quite amazing, even if each PC PC reduced by 1W, its power saving is very considerable.
Therefore, under the appeal of low energy consumption, DDR has been comprehensively eliminated by history, and DDR2 will also become a spent force. In its current form, it hints at the arrival of high-energy, energy-efficient computer chipsets. These new chipsets, while saving energy, are also expected to solve the bottleneck of memory broadband, which will be greatly improved.
If you look from the computer to the industry as a whole, the significant reduction in energy consumption will put more energy savings into the further development and innovation of computers. It is believed that the future computer field will enter a new era of ultra-low energy consumption and ultra-fast development.
With the help of artificial intelligence:
Artificial intelligence, a branch of computer science, provides insight into the nature of intelligence, leading to advanced technologies including robotics, language recognition, natural language processing, and expert systems. With the increasing maturity of theory and technology, its application field is also expanding, in the future, with the participation of artificial intelligence, it is expected to achieve the trinity of computer, network, communication technology, and then derived a series of future supercomputers, the following examples:
Molecular computers: Molecular computers are 100 billion times faster than today's computers and will eventually replace computers on silicon chips.
Quantum computers: Quantum mechanics demonstrates that individual photons do not normally interact with each other, but when they are brought together with atoms in an optical harmonic cavity, they have a strong effect on each other. This property of photons can be used to develop information processing devices for quantum mechanical effects, optical quantum logic gates, and then make quantum computers.
DNA computer: Scientists have discovered that deoxyribonucleic acid has a property that can carry a large amount of genetic material in an organism. Mathematicians, biologists, chemists, and computer experts have been inspired to collaborate on future liquid-crystal DNA computers.
Neuronal computer: In the future, people will build computer systems that can perform functions similar to the human brain, namely artificial neural networks. The most promising applications for neuronal computers are in defense: they can identify objects and targets, process complex radar signals, and decide which targets to destroy. The performance of neuronal computer, such as associative information storage, natural adaptability to learning and data processing, is extremely effective.
Biocomputer: A biocomputer is a computer built primarily from biological electronic components. It takes advantage of the switching properties of proteins, using protein molecules as components to make biochips. Its performance is determined by the current opening and closing switch speed between components. Integrated circuits made of proteins run very fast, much faster than the speed of the human brain.
The human being itself is a wonderful work of art, and the characteristics of biological resources are the best examples for future computer development. From the emergence of a large number of artificial intelligence and continuous development and even victory over human cases, the development of computers will be closer to human itself, and even combined with human beings, from this point of view, the era of cyborg or will become a reality.
The coming age of cyborgs:
A cyborg is an \"electronically controlled organism,\" that is, a creature that is half human and half machine. The combination of human and intelligent machinery, with the advantages of both, to become a cyborg, which has been one of the goals of modern science and technology development.
Scientists predict that in the future, it is possible to add artificial intelligence components to the human brain to increase its performance, such as higher memory, faster computing speed and so on. It may even be possible to change human DNA through genetic engineering, and in doing so, to change human appearance and behavior. Humans will likely have artificial cells that can grow, reproduce, differentiate, move, self-assemble, self-test, self-repair, and biology and computers will merge.
When the age of cyborgs really comes, the problems of aging, disease, death, and life limit that humans are now facing may be solved, but at the same time, the drawbacks such as population size, ethics and other aspects will also be a problem that humans are facing.
Human beings grow up in the development of society, human thinking is constantly trying in the development, every leap in science and technology shows the greatness and superiority of human civilization, and every collision of inspiration draws this ever-changing new era. The future farther than the future will eventually be a big stage for human civilization and wisdom to fully play, no problem is insurmountable, no future is unreachable, and in the creation of generations of people, everything unknown will become known, and various innovations will surge. The prospect of future computer development reflects the future trend of human science and technology, when one scientific field is going to the peak step by step, the science and technology above the science will exceed our current imagination. Therefore, the development of computers will not stop, and the development of computers will continue to look to a higher direction with the progress of The Times, so as to achieve higher goals. All the vision is to become a reality, let us look forward to the coming new era of computer!
Speed is not the direction of computer development, with cloud computing, the computer only needs to be a client to achieve complex computing, the development prospect of the computer should be a trend toward miniaturization, good interaction and distinct personalization.