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There are many definitions of SoC, but it is difficult to give an accurate definition because of its rich connotation and wide application range. Generally speaking, the SoC is called system-on-chip, also called system-on-chip, meaning that it is a product, is an integrated circuit with a special goal, which contains the complete system and has the entire content of embedded software. At the same time, it is a technology to realize the whole process from determining the system function, to software\/hardware partition, and complete the design.
SOC, or SoC, is an abbreviation, including the meaning of: 1) SoC: System on Chip abbreviation, called system-level chip, also called system-on-chip, meaning that it is a product, is an integrated circuit with a special goal, which contains the complete system and has the entire content of embedded software. 2) SOC: Abbreviation of Security Operations Center, called Security Operations center, or security management platform, belongs to the vocabulary of information security field. Generally, it refers to a centralized security management system with assets as the core, security incident management as the key process, and the idea of security domain division to establish a set of real-time asset risk model to assist administrators in incident analysis, risk analysis, early warning management and emergency response processing. 3) Civil Aviation SOC: Abbreviation of System Operations Center, refers to the command and control system in the field of civil aviation. 4)SOC: abbreviation of state of charge, refers to the state of charge. When the battery is used for a period of time or long-term unused capacity and the ratio of the capacity of the fully charged state, usually expressed as a percentage. SOC=1 indicates that the battery is fully charged. The charge state of the battery must be considered when controlling its operation. 5) One is service-oriented Computing, \"Service Oriented Computing\" 6) SOC(Signal Operation Control) Chinese name signal operation controller, it is not an invention to create concepts. It is a fusion product proposed for the status quo of industrial automation. The technology it uses is a mature technology that is widely used in the industrial field, but it is not a simple stack of existing technology, but a package, interface and integration of many practical technologies to form a new integrated controller. What used to be done by an integrator can now be done by a controller, which is the SOC. 7) SOC (state of charge) In the battery industry, SOC refers to the state of charge, also known as remaining capacity, indicating the ability of the battery to continue working. 8)SOC(start-of-conversion), start the conversion 9)short-open calibration
Edit this paragraph social organization capital
The social organization capital (SOC) specifically proposed by the green economy refers to local communities, business groups, trade unions and even national legal and political organizations, to international environmental protection treaties (such as the Law of the Sea and the Montreal Convention). Whatever the level of organization, it derives its individual habits, norms, sentiments, traditions, procedures, memories, and cultures, thereby fostering different levels of efficiency, energy, motivation, and creativity for the creation of human well-being. system-on-chip
conceptual framework
System on Chip, or Soc, also known as system on chip. From the narrow point of view, it is the integration of the core chip of the information system, which is the integration of the key components of the system on a chip; From a broad perspective, an SoC is a micro-miniature system, if the central processing unit (CPU) is the brain, then the SoC is a system that includes the brain, heart, eyes and hands. The academic community at home and abroad generally tends to define SoC as the integration of microprocessor, analog IP core, digital IP core and memory (or off-chip storage control interface) on a single chip, which is usually customized by customers, or a standard product for a specific purpose. The basic content of SoC definition is mainly manifested in two aspects: one is its composition, and the other is its formation process. The composition of system-level chip can be system-level chip control logic module, microprocessor\/microcontroller CPU core module, DSP module, embedded memory module, and external communication interface module, including ADC \/DAC For a wireless SoC, there is also an RF front-end module, user-defined logic (which can be implemented by an FPGA or ASIC), a microelectromechanical module, and more importantly, an SoC Embedded in the chip are basic software (RDOS or COS and other application software) modules or loadable user software. The process of system-level chip formation or generation includes the following three aspects: 1) based on monolithic integrated system and verification; 2) Effectively improve the utilization of logical area technology and the proportion of production capacity, that is, develop and research IP core generation and reuse technology, especially the repeated application of large-capacity storage module embedment; 3) Design theory and technology of ultra-deep submicron (VDSM) and nano integrated circuits. Key technologies for SoC design specifically, The key technologies of SoC design mainly include bus architecture technology, IP reusability technology, technology, SoC verification technology, testability design technology, low power design technology, ultra-deep sub-micron circuit implementation technology, etc. In addition, embedded software transplantation and development research are also done, which is an emerging interdisciplinary research field. Figure 1 is a simple diagram of the SoC design process. (Figure 1)
technological development
The development of integrated circuits has been going on for 40 years, it has been following the laws indicated by Moore and has now entered the deep submicron stage. Due to the demand of the information market and the development of microelectronics itself, it has led to the development of a variety of process integration technologies and application-oriented system-level chips, which are mainly characterized by micro-machining (the feature size of integrated circuits is constantly shrinking). With the semiconductor industry entering the era of ultra-deep submicron and even nanomachinning, a complex electronic system can be realized on a single integrated circuit chip, such as, chip, DVD chip, etc. Within a few years, hundreds of millions of transistors and tens of millions of logic gates are expected to be implemented on a single chip. SoC (System-on-chip) design technology began in the mid-1990s, with the development of semiconductor technology,IC designers can integrate more and more complex functions into a single silicon Chip, SoC IS in the integrated circuit (IC) to integrated System (IS) under the general direction of change. The FlexCore system released by Motorola in 1994 (used to make custom microprocessors based on the 68000 and PowerPC) and the SoC designed by LSILogic for Sony in 1995 May have been based on IP. IntellectualProperty) earliest reports of nuclear completed SoC designs. Since SoC can make full use of the existing design accumulation and significantly improve the design capability of ASics, it has developed very rapidly and attracted the attention of industry and academia. SOC is the inevitable trend of the development of integrated circuits, 1. The inevitable development of technology 2. The future development of IC industry.
technical feature
System integration for semiconductor process technology Integrated SOCs for software systems and hardware systems have the following advantages, thus creating their product value and market demand: reduced power consumption, reduced volume, increased system functionality, improved speed and cost savings
Key techniques of design
Specifically, the key technologies of SoC design mainly include bus architecture technology, IP reusability technology, technology, SoC verification technology, testability design technology, low power design technology, ultra-deep sub-micron circuit implementation technology, etc., in addition to embedded software transplantation, development research, is an interdisciplinary emerging research field.
Development trend and existing problems
At present, the chip design industry is facing a series of challenges, system-on-chip SoC has become the focus of IC design industry, SoC performance is getting stronger and larger. The scale of SoC is generally much larger than that of ordinary ASics, and the complexity of SOC design is greatly increased due to the design difficulties brought by deep submicron processes. In SoC design, simulation and verification is the most complex and time-consuming part of the SoC design process, accounting for about 50% to 80% of the entire chip development cycle. The adoption of advanced design and simulation verification methods has become the key to the success of SoC design. The development trend of SoC technology is based on SoC development platform. Platform-based design is an integration-oriented design method that can achieve maximum system reuse, share the achievements of IP core development and system integration, and constantly restructure the value chain. On the basis of focusing on area, delay and power consumption, the transfer to yield, reliability, electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise, cost, ease of use, etc., enables the rapid development of system-level integration capabilities. The so-called SoC technology is a highly integrated and firmware-based system integration technology. The core idea of using SoC technology to design a system is to integrate the whole system in one chip. In the design of application systems using SoC technology, all system circuits are integrated except for those external circuits or mechanical parts that cannot be integrated.
And application concept
1. System function integration is the core technology of SoC. In traditional system design, it is necessary to synthesize the whole system according to the functional modules required by design, that is, to find the corresponding integrated circuit according to the function required by design, and then design the connection form and parameters of the selected circuit according to the technical indicators required by design. The result of this design is a distributed system architecture based on functional integrated circuits. Whether the design results can meet the design requirements depends not only on the technical parameters of the circuit chip, but also on the characteristics of the entire system PCB layout. At the same time, for the system that needs to be digitized, there is often a need to have the participation of single-chip computers, so the impact of distributed systems on circuit firmware characteristics must also be considered. It is obvious that the realization of traditional applied electronic systems adopts distributed function synthesis technology. For SoC, the design of the applied electronic system is also based on the function and parameter requirements, but it is fundamentally different from the traditional method. SoC is not a distributed system synthesis technology based on functional circuits. It is a system firmware and circuit integration technology based on functional IP. First of all, the realization of the function is no longer integrated for the functional circuit, but for the overall system firmware realization of the circuit synthesis, that is, the use of IP technology to the whole system circuit combination. Second, the final result of the circuit design is related to the IP function module and firmware characteristics, and has nothing to do with the way the circuit is divided into blocks on the PCB board and the connection technology. Therefore, the electromagnetic compatibility characteristics of the design results are greatly improved. In other words, the result of the design is very close to the ideal design goal. 2. Firmware integration is the basic design idea of SoC. In the traditional distributed integrated design technology, the firmware characteristics of the system are often difficult to achieve the optimal, because the distributed function integration technology is used. In general, in order to meet as many use areas as possible, functional integrated circuits must consider two design objectives: one is to meet the functional control requirements of a variety of application fields; The other is to consider meeting a wide range of application functions and technical indicators. Therefore, the functional integrated circuit (that is, the custom integrated circuit) must have several additional circuits in the I\/O and control aspects to enable the average user to get as much development performance as possible. However, the application electronic system of custom circuit design is not easy to achieve the best, especially the firmware characteristics are quite decentralized. For SoC, from the core technology of SoC, it can be seen that the basic design idea of using SoC technology to design application electronic system is to realize the firmware integration of the whole system. Users only need to select and improve the various modules and embedded structures as needed to achieve fully optimized firmware features without having to spend time familiarizing themselves with the development techniques of custom circuits. The sudden advantage of the firmware foundation is that the system can be closer to the ideal system, and it is easier to achieve the design requirements. 3. Embedded system is the basic structure of SoC. In the applied electronic system designed with SoC technology, embedded structure can be easily realized. The implementation of various embedded structures is very simple, as long as the corresponding kernel is selected according to the system needs, and then the IP module is selected according to the design requirements, the entire system hardware structure can be completed. Especially when intelligent circuit synthesis technology is used, the firmware characteristics of the whole system can be realized more fully, so that the system is closer to the ideal design requirements. It must be pointed out that this embedded structure of SoC can greatly shorten the design and development cycle of application system.
4.IP
5.SoC