What range of voltage can the 7812 regulator block regulate
The minimum voltage difference of this circuit is 2.5 volts, so it is the input voltage under the maximum allowable voltage and the minimum voltage difference. 32-14.5V. If sufficient heat sink is added, the current of about 1.5A can be output. Otherwise the overheating will automatically close, will not burn. Most manufacturers such as ON, TOSHIBA, UTC, NS, KEC, FS, PANASONIC products the maximum output current is 1A; A few manufacturers such as ST, LINEAR, TI products are 1.5A; There are also individual manufacturers of products with a maximum output current of only 100mA (for example, HI-SINCERITY).
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However, in addition to the limit of the maximum output current, there is a limit on the dissipation of power, that is, the product of the output current and the input-output voltage difference can not exceed the specified value, when the input-output voltage difference is large, especially pay attention to the power consumption problem. The power consumption parameter is related to factors such as package shape, ambient temperature, and thermal design in use. The overheat protection function sometimes does not ensure the safety of the device, so the manufacturer will give the relationship between the maximum allowable dissipation power and the ambient temperature in the data manual.
The input voltage ranges from 14 to 35V, and if enough heat sink is added, the current of about 1.5A can be output. Otherwise the overheating will automatically close, will not burn. The parameters of the three-terminal regulator are generally the output current, and the maximum output current of the 7812 is 1.5A, provided that the input current is higher than 1.5A and the input voltage of the radiator is between 14-15 volts, which will affect its characteristics. Because 7812 input and output voltage should not be less than 3V, not more than 15V. 14V is a little low.