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The output ripple is related to the circuit design, the filter element, and even the load condition, and is not static: the higher the switching frequency is set, the smaller the ripple is; the larger the LC value of the filter element is; the smaller the esr value is; the smaller the ripple is; the no-load will cause L to enter the state of \"current discontinuity\" and greatly increase the ripple. Typically, a properly designed, constructed, and used switching source ripple is approximately 100mVp-p.