Microcontroller Unit (Microcontroller Unit; MCU (Single Chip Microcomputer), also known as a single chip microcomputer, is a Central Process Unit (Central Process Unit; CPU) frequency and specifications to be appropriately reduced,
And the memory (memory), counter (Timer), USB, A\/D conversion, UART, PLC, DMA and other peripheral interfaces, and even LCD driver circuits are integrated on a single chip to form a chip-level computer, for different applications to do different combination control.
Such as mobile phones, PC peripherals, remote controls, to automotive electronics, industrial stepper motors, robot arm control, etc., can be seen in the MCU figure.
It can also be considered as a general term for 51 single chip microcomputer, ARM, DSP and such chips.
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Expansion material:
Classification of mcu
1. Classification by use:
Universal: All developable resources (ROM, RAM, I\/O, EPROM) are provided to the user.
Special type: Its hardware and instructions are designed according to a specific purpose, such as recorder movement controller, printer controller, motor controller, etc.
2, according to its basic operation processing data bits classification:
According to the width of the bus or data register, the MCU is divided into 1 bit, 4 bit, 8 bit, 16 bit, 32 bit or even 64 bit MCU.
(1) Most of the 4-bit MCUS are used in calculators, car instruments, car anti-theft devices, callers, wireless phones, CD players, LCD drive controllers, LCD game consoles, children's toys, scales, chargers, tire pressure meters, temperature and humidity meters, remote controls and point-and-shoot cameras; Most of the 8-bit MCUS are used in electricity meters,
Motor controller, electric toy machine, frequency conversion air conditioner, caller, fax machine, CallerID, telephone recorder, CRT display, keyboard and USB, etc. 8-bit, 16-bit MCU is mainly used in the general control field, generally do not use the operating system, 16-bit MCU is mostly used in mobile phones,
Digital cameras and video recorders, etc.; Most of the 32-bit MCUS are used in Modem, GPS, PDA, HPC, STB, Hub, Bridge, Router, workstation, ISDN telephone, laser printer and color fax machine.
32-bit is used for complex processing such as network operation and multimedia processing, and it is generally necessary to use embedded operating systems.
(2) 8-bit MCU operating frequency between 16~50MHz, emphasizing simple performance, low-cost applications, in the current MCU market value still has a certain position, and many MCU manufacturers continue to develop energy-saving design for 8bit MCU frequency adjustment, in order to meet the needs of product development in the green era.
(3) 16-bit MCU, 16-bit operation, 16\/24-bit addressing capability and frequency in 24~100MHz for the mainstream specifications, some 16bit MCU additional provide 32-bit add\/subtract\/multiply\/divide special instructions.
Due to the emergence and continuous price reduction of 32bit MCUS and the low-cost advantage of 8bit MCUS that are simple, durable and cheap, the 16bit MCU market in the middle is constantly being squeezed, becoming the lowest proportion of products shipped.
(4) 32-bit MCU can be said to be the mainstream of the MCU market, with a single quotation between $1.5 and $4, the operating frequency is mostly between 100 and 350MHz, the execution efficiency is better, and the application types are quite diverse.
However, due to the increase of operand and memory length, the program code length of the same function is increased by 30 to 40% compared with 8\/16bit MCU, which leads to the embedded OTP\/FlashROM memory capacity cannot be too small, and the number of external chips has exploded, further limiting the cost reduction ability of 32bit MCU.
(5) Most 64-bit MCUS are used in high-end workstations, multimedia interactive systems, advanced video game instruments (such as SEGA's Dreamcast and Nintendo's GameBoy) and advanced terminals.
microcontroller
Mcu is actually a single chip microcomputer, it is short for English Microcontroller Unit, the Chinese name is microcontroller. Single-chip microcomputer is simply a chip that can be used to make intelligent electronic products.