Design chip choose microelectronics or integrated circuit major is the most appropriate professional, but this is only a foundation, the specific direction also need to learn, just like you learn how to use carpenter tools, but the specific is to do a table or a chair or subdivision. Of course, these majors can choose to learn the chip design related to mobile phones.
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Many electrical, information and even material majors can also be transferred to chip design-related industries, mainly because the chip design process is more complicated and requires a large number of related majors to complete. Only the practitioners from these professions have no systematic learning of chip design, and are usually only responsible for a particular project or partnership in the design process.
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SoC is the English abbreviation of system-on-chip, usually refers to a relatively complete circuit system composed of processors and peripherals, for example, the SoC of mobile phones contains cpu,gpu, peripherals, baseband, etc., and a triode or 74 series logic chip can not be called SoC. The concept is now used more broadly, and many system-level chips can be called SoCs