1, the difference is 4 nm. Nanometer (Nanometer, symbol: nm), is a unit of measurement of length, 1 nanometer =10 to the minus 9 meters. Finer than oneThe length of the bacteria is much smaller. 3nm and 7nm are very small units, there is only one difference of 4mm, there is no other difference.
2, chip 3nm, 5nm, 7nm refers to the use of 3nm, 5nm, 7nm process of a chip, nm is naturally the length of the unit nano for short. Simply speaking, x nm refers to the gate width of the complementary oxide-metal semiconductor field effect transistor formed on the CPU, also known as the gate length.
3, the nanoscale division of the chip includes 3nm, 5nm, 7nm, 14nm and so on. Among them,West can not have a short board existence, a short board existence will be implicated to form a deep pit, a deep pit will be implicated in the overall progress of science and technology, science and technology is the "bucket board effect". Therefore, if the chip is not developed, it will eventually affect the overall scientific and technological progress. 2, the industry has been generally believed that 3nm is the physical limit of Moore's law, but also the field of chip process technology Mount Everest.
3, compared with 5nm, 7nm chip process, 3nm chip manufacturing process has higher performance and lower power consumption. This level of chips uses advanced manufacturing techniques, such as extreme ultravioletLithography, multilayer hard mask, etc., overcome the manufacturing defects and improve the manufacturing quality.
4, the reason is that Samsung recently held the IEEE ISSCC International solid-State Circuit conference, demonstrated the world's first 3nm chip. Moreover, the chip Samsung demonstrated not only uses the most advanced manufacturing process, but also upgrades the GAAFET (surround gate field-effect transistor) technology one step ahead of TSMC.
The current theoretical prediction limit is about 3nm. Currently 10nm has completed the demonstration of the initial stage of mass production, and 7nm has basically completed the research and development of the laboratory stage. 5nm or even 3nm is just a matter of time.
Therefore, it is currently expected that the possible line width limit is 1~10nm, not less than one nanometer.
This is infinitely low, currently the strongest is 22 nanometers, but further reduction to 8 nanometers is possible. Other units smaller than the nanometer are picomi and femomi. In the future, it is also possible to slowly upgrade from the 90 picomi process.
In theory, there is no upper limit to the CPU frequency. butThe reality is that with the increase of CPU frequency, its power consumption and heat increase, but not linear increase, the current frequency of mainstream products is generally less than 4GHz. So, the CPU frequency has a limit, but this limit, I don't know how much, because the technology is developing.
1, however, the maximum working area is usually limited to 300mm, but this limit is not absolute, and technical breakthroughs may break the norm. In the design, the lithography level (LE) of the lithography machine has a strict spacing accuracyAsk. The LE2 theoretical distance is 167nm and the allowable error margin is 10%.
2, the limit of the lithography machine is 1 nanometer. The raw material for the manufacture of existing chips is silicon, which is often referred to as silicon chips.
3. It's 90 nanometers. It can be known that today's most advanced lithography machine is the 600 series, and the highest production process of the lithography machine can reach 90 nanometers. However, compared with the EUV lithography machine owned by the Dutch ASML company, the process can reach a maximum of 5 nanometers. A 3-nanometer chip will be introduced soon.
4, and now lightThe engraving machine breaks the production limit of 7 nanometers, which is the latest strategic commanding height of industrial competition. China's success in developing lithography machines has also contributed to technological innovation and the strengthening of the international industrial division of labor. At present, China has been able to independently develop and produce a new lithography machine, and thereby improve the manufacturing technology of the semiconductor industry.
5, lithography machine interface: lithography machine needs to communicate with other equipment (such as exposure machine, developer, etc.) through the interface, the error of the interface will directly affect the accuracy of the entire lithography process. Therefore, engineers need to consider carefully when designing the interface of the lithography machine to ensure that the accuracy of the interface is consistent with the chip manufacturingThe requirements of.
6, domestic companies can independently buy EUV lithography machine to solve this situation? The answer is no. To know that Huawei's lack of core incident is the United States from the obstruction, it is unlikely that domestic companies can easily buy high-end lithography machines to independently make cores.