How the 4nm process is implemented is analyzed below.
In fact, the 4nm process is TSMC's third enhanced version of the 5nm process, 4nm process compared to the first generation of N5 process, transistor density increased by 6%, performance improved by 11%, compared to the previous generation of N4 process performance improved by 6%. In addition, the N4P process further reduces the chip's power consumption by 22% compared to the N5 process. On the 4nm process, TSMC further reduces the number of mask layers, thereby reducing the complexity of chip manufacturing and improving the life cycle of customers' products.