When the silicon-based chip breaks through 1nm, the quantum tunneling effect will make the \"electron out of control\
In this case, replacing the silicon substrate of the chip may be one of the feasible ways for the further development of the chip.
Further reducing the size of transistors is an important breakthrough to improve computer computing power and break the technical bottleneck. The smaller the transistor, the more capacity on the chip, the faster the processor, and the more efficient the computer.
Materials and lithography equipment need to be replaced.
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The current silicon-based chips and UV lithography machines are unable to achieve 1nm processes, because silicon atoms are 1\/4nm, and the transistor structure makes the size of the transistor cannot be less than 1nm. So if you want to be less than 1nm, you must replace other materials smaller than silicon atoms, and the lithography equipment needs to be modified. But it is not yet possible to find a replacement material, and laboratory projects have carbon-based chips, but their structures are larger than 1nm