IC Design: Integrated circuit design; ASIC: Application Specific Integrated Circuits, more focused on module level applications, such as DDR Controller, USB, MIPI and so on;
FPGA: Field Programmable Gate Array, field programmable gate array, compared with ASIC, which is fully customized, FPGA is semi-customized, and some basic logic units are integrated in FPGA, such as and, or, not, register, etc. The designer can verify the function of the circuit by burning the written Verilog HDL or VHDL code into the FPGA after synthesis. Compared with ASIC, the streaming time is omitted and the cost is smaller, but the performance may not be as good as ASIC, and the same function ASIC can be smaller.
Strictly speaking, SOC is also called ASIC, which can be understood as a new System on Chip that integrates a lot of IP.