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All semiconductor processes begin with a grain of sand! Because the silicon contained in the sand is the raw material needed to produce wafers. Wafer is a round sheet formed by cutting a single crystal cylinder made of silicon (Si) or gallium arsenide (GaAs). Extracting high-purity silicon requires silica sand, a special material with up to 95 percent silicon dioxide and the main raw material for making wafers. Wafer processing is the process of making such wafers.