Some netizens asked, a chip the size of a finger actually has 6 billion transistors?
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The answer is yes, and many more.
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Let's take a look at the chip in the iPhone and the chip in the Huawei phone to know the answer.
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The latest A13 chip in the iPhone contains 8.5 billion transistors, and the next A14 chip is likely to exceed 1 million transistors or more.
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The 5G version of the Kirin 990 chip used in some Huawei phones already contains 10.3 billion transistors.
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Whether it's 8.5 billion or 10.3 billion, it's actually well over 6 billion.
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So the question is, is it necessary to have so many transistors on a small chip?
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The answer is yes, it is necessary, after all, the number of transistors and performance are proportional, which we can do an intuitive comparison through the chip of the iPhone.
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iPhone from A4 chip containing more than 30 million transistors, to A8 processor containing 3 billion transistors, and then to the current latest A13 processor 8.5 billion transistors, mobile phone performance has naturally been improving, you correspond to the iPhone4, Comparing the performance of the iPhone8 and the latest iPhone11, we know that the performance of the phone mainly depends on the improvement of the chip.
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So how does it fit so many transistors?
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The number of body tubes will increase with the improvement of the process level, the lower the number of process nanometers, the narrower the width of the groove at the time of lithography, and the more transistors can be accommodated in the same area.
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Let's look at the data, it's easier to visualize. Or continue to use the iPhone A-series chip example.
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The A4 chip contains more than 30 million transistors and uses a 35nm process. When the A8 chip is used, the process is 20nm, and when the A13 chip is 7nm. The next generation A14 chip is likely to use a 5nm process, and there will be 3nm processes in the future...
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Such a precise process can not be achieved by hand, so the lithography machine is so sought-after.
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The chip runs to 5nm, which is equivalent to 200,000th of a millimeter. Mechanical precision measuring micrometer, only one thousandth of a millimeter of energy, called \"a path\
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Today we can use such high-performance chips, high-performance mobile phones, thanks to high-end manufacturing equipment such as lithography machines.
A chip has millions of electronic components. The chip area ranges from a few square millimeters to 350 mm2 and can reach a million transistors per mm2. After the invention and mass production of transistors, various solid-state semiconductor components such as diodes and transistors are widely used to replace the functions and roles of vacuum tubes in circuits. By the middle and late 20th century, semiconductor manufacturing technology advances made integrated circuits possible.