Key materials used in chip manufacturing include the following:
< br >
1. Silicon (Si) : Silicon is the most important material in chip manufacturing. Silicon is a type of semiconductor material that has good electrical and thermal conductivity and is easy to process into various shapes and sizes.
< br >
2. Metal: In chip manufacturing, metal is used to make wires and contacts. The main metals are aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), gold (Au) and silver (Ag).
< br >
3. Photoresist: Photoresist is a key material in chip manufacturing that is used to transfer circuit graphics onto silicon wafers. Photoresist is highly sensitive to light and can change its properties by biochemical reaction under specific light.
< br >
4. Mask board (Mask) : The mask board is a transparent silicon chip with circuit graphics engraved on it. In chip manufacturing, mask plates are used in the photolithography process to transfer circuit patterns onto silicon wafers.
< br >
5. Electronic Gas (Electronic Gas) : Electronic gas also plays an important role in chip manufacturing, for depositing thin films, etching silicon wafers and ion implantation processes. Common electronic gases are nitrogen (N2), oxygen (O2), hydrogen (H2), argon (Ar) and so on.
< br >
6. Chemicals: A wide variety of chemicals are used in chip manufacturing, including solvents, cleaning agents, etches and dopants. These chemicals are used in the chip manufacturing process to clean, etch, doping and so on.
< br >
7. Packaging Materials: After the chip is manufactured, it needs to be packaged to protect the chip from physical damage and environmental impact. Common packaging materials are plastic sealing materials (such as epoxy resin), ceramic materials (such as alumina) and so on.
< br >
These key materials play an important role in the chip manufacturing process and together ensure the performance, reliability and yield of the chip.
In fact, the raw material of the chip is mainly sand, and the main component of the sand is silicon dioxide, and silicon dioxide is one of the most basic raw materials in the chip manufacturing process. If you want to make a chip, you first have to extract the silica from the sand. Sand is a relatively abundant substance in the Earth's crust, and silicon stands out because of its large stock and easy purification. Silicon is chemically relatively stable and has excellent semiconductor properties. In addition, its storage is extremely rich, containing about 27% in the Earth's crust.