English: integrated circuit, abbreviated IC; Or microcircuit (microcircuit), microchip, chip\/chip (chip) in electronics is a way to miniaturize a circuit (mainly including semiconductor devices, but also including passive components, etc.), and is often manufactured on the surface of a semiconductor wafer.
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The integrated circuit that manufactures the circuit on the surface of the semiconductor chip is also called the thin-film integrated circuit. Another thick-film hybrid integrated circuit is a miniaturized circuit composed of independent semiconductor devices and passive components integrated into a substrate or circuit board.
From 1949 to 1957, Werner Jacobi, Jeffrey Dummer, Sidney Darlington and Yasuo Tarui developed prototypes, But the modern integrated circuit was invented by Jack Kilby in 1958. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2000, but Robert Noyce, who also developed the modern practical integrated circuit at the same time, died earlier than 1990.
A chip is an integrated circuit that consists of a large number of transistors. Different chips have different integration scales, up to several hundred million; As small as tens or hundreds of transistors. Transistors have two states, on and off, represented by 1s and 0s. Multiple transistors produce multiple signals of 1s and 0s that are programmed to perform specific functions (i.e., instructions and data) to represent or process letters, numbers, colors, graphics, etc. After the chip is powered on, it first generates a start command to start the chip, and then it continues to accept new instructions and data.