The working principle is: the circuit is manufactured on the surface of the semiconductor chip for calculation and processing.
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Integrated circuits have two main advantages over discrete transistors: cost and performance. The low cost is due to the fact that the chip prints all of its components as a unit through photolithography, rather than making just one transistor at a time.
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IC Chip (Integrated Circuit Chip) is an integrated circuit formed by a large number of microelectronic components (transistors, resistors, capacitors, etc.) placed on a plastic base to make a chip. IC chip includes wafer chip and package chip, and the corresponding IC chip production line is composed of wafer production line and package production line.
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The transistor in the chip is divided into two states: on and off, usually using 1 and 0 to represent, and then passing signals and transmitting data through 1 and 0. After the chip is powered on, it will produce a startup command, and all the transistors will begin to transmit data, sending specific instructions and data out.