Protein chips have their own particularities: l, the chemical properties and spatial structure of proteins are very complex Protein chips are easily denatalized Protein chip ; Protein source is limited protein chip , can not be synthesized in large quantities; The basis of the protein chip is antigen-antibody affinity, which has limited specificity and affinity, especially when fixed on the surface.
After sampling, the samples were soaked in a buffer containing calf serum protein (BSA) for 3h, so that the surface of the chip contained a layer of calf serum protein, which was used to seal the non-specific binding site of other proteins with the protein chip An aldehyde group not involved in the reaction on the surface.
In another study, novel citrullinated protein antigens (such as WISPIST1, etc.) were found in RA sera that were not recognized in healthy controls. This finding could mean an entirely new diagnostic window, with significant implications for the early identification and individualized treatment of RA.
For oligonucleotide chips, the hybridization temperature is usually low, and intense hybridization usually requires the molecules in the probe mixture to be reduced to shorter fragments (50-100nt), and the nucleotide size can be changed by chemical and enzymatic methods.
inAvailable: synthetic protein chip, genetic generation chip, erythrohemin chip, etc.
The so-called biochips generally refer to micro-array hybrid chips of biological information molecules (such as gene fragments, CDNA fragments, peptides, proteins) that are fixed in a high density on mutual support media. The sequence and position of each molecule in the array are known and are pre-set sequence matrix. microfluidic chips (microfluidic chips) and liquid biochips are new biochip technologies developed after microarray chips.
【 Answer 】The concept of biochips comes from computer chips, which have been developed for only about 10 years. The essence of biochip is that a series of addressable recognition molecules fixed in a certain position are arranged in an orderly lattice on a small substrate surface, and the combination or reaction is carried out under the same conditions. The reaction results are displayed by isotope method, chemical fluorescence method, chemiluminescence method or enzyme labeling method, and then recorded by sophisticated scanner or CCD camera technology.
Biochips, also known as protein chips or gene chips, they originate from the crystallization of DNA hybridization probe technology combined with semiconductor industry technology. The technique involves placing a large number of probesAfter the molecules are fixed to the support, they are hybridized with fluorescently labeled DNA or other sample molecules (such as proteins, factors or small molecules), and the number and sequence information of the sample molecules are obtained by detecting the hybridization signal strength of each probe molecule.
biochip is a micro biochemical analysis system constructed on the surface of solid cell chip by micro-machining technology and micro-electronic technology.
Biochip is the product of the combination of modern microprocessing technology and biotechnology, which can be made inside or on the surface of a flat carrier through lithography or biomolecular self-assembly technologyA microdevice with certain biological reaction function. According to different uses, biochips are mainly divided into two categories, one is bioelectronic chips, for the manufacture of bioelectronic products such as biological computers.
[Answer] : Protein chip: is a technology that fixes highly densely packed protein molecules as probe lattice on the solid phase support, captures the target protein in the sample when reacting with the protein sample to be measured, and then performs qualitative and quantitative analysis of the target protein through the detection system. It is an important hand in proteomics researchIt also has great application potential in the diagnosis of clinical diseases and the screening of new drug development.
Protein chip is a layered structure of superthin film tissue prepared by a special process using biological materials such as protein molecules. The protein is prepared into a liquid of appropriate concentration, so that it is developed into a monomolecular layer film on the water surface, and then placed on the quartz layer, and then prepared by the same method - a layer of organic film, you can get 80 ~ 480 nm thick biofilm.
Protein chip is to fix highly densely packed protein molecules as probe lattice on the solid phase support, when the protein to be measuredDuring sample reaction, the target protein in the sample can be captured, and then the target protein is qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by the detection system. The basic principle of the protein chip is the affinity reaction between protein molecules, such as the specific binding between antigen-antibody or receptor-ligand. The most commonly used probe proteins are antibodies.
The principle of protein chips is similar to that of gene chips. Protein chips use protein instead of DNA as the test object, and unlike gene chips that measure gene expression at the mRNA level, they directly measure expression patterns at the protein level. The difference between protein chips and gene chips is thatThe molecules fixed on the chip are proteins such as antigens or antibodies.
RNA-protein interaction, etc., can be observed and monitored through protein chip detection technology for the occurrence, development, disease types, treatment effects, etc.... In general, protein chip technology can detect hundreds of proteins in the human body at the same time. Detecting changes in the protein content of a variety of disease markers in the blood can predict the occurrence and development of diseases, so as to achieve the purpose of health management.
Computer chips made of protein can fit hundreds of millions of them in a square millimeterThe circuit. Because a single memory point is only one molecule in size, the storage capacity can reach 1 billion times that of an ordinary computer.1. The whole operation process includes: protein extraction from 50-200mg tissues or cells and body fluids - labeling two samples with two different colors of fluorescent molecules Cy5 and Cy3 respectively - washing off excess labeled molecules - hybridization with the chip - scanning analysis results.
2, Adachi, etc. use some solid surfaces orThe film is covered with a film containing electrolyte as a carrier, and the colloidal protein particles can be transferred to the film to form protein chips.
3, there are two main forms of protein arrays: one is antibody arrays, using the antibodies on the array to identify proteins or other molecules in the sample; The other is what we're going to talk about today, the target protein arrays, which detect these proteins and other molecules that we're interested in, like drugs and anti-drugsThe role of body, nucleic acid, lipid or other protein.
4, lab-on-a-chip is the ultimate goal of the development of biochip technology. It intensifies the whole process of sample preparation, biochemical reaction and detection analysis into a miniature analysis system. There are now lab-on-a-chip composed of heaters, micropumps, microvalves, microflow controllers, microelectrodes, electronic chemistry and electronic luminescence detectors, and biochips that integrate biochemical reactions, sample preparation, detection and analysis.
5, according to the basic principle of protein chip technology, different antibodies can be fixed on the carrier to become anti-Body protein chips are used to detect proteins produced by different tissues. In the study of protein interactions, Ge has adopted a general-purpose protein-on-a-chip system, which is sensitive, effective, versatile, quantifiable and reusable, and easy to operate.
6, protein structure general expression: a carbon atom in the middle, connected with a hydrogen, an amino group, a carboxyl group and an R group. The difference in this R group represents a different amino acid, for example, the R group of glycine is H, and the R group of alanine is CH3- and other peptide bonds formed by the removal of H from the amino group and OH from the carboxylic groupAmine bond. In the middle, it is catalyzed by enzymes, and this process is completed in the ribosome.