According to semiconductor expert chiakokhua in the blog disclosed wafer and chip relationship , to NVIDIA P100 chip (610mm area wafer and chip relationship , 90.7 billion transistors) is the benchmark wafer and chip relationship , and the wafer and chip sales price of wafer and chip relationship under the 5nm process can be seen. Single 5nmThe foundry price of wafer is about $16,988, compared with 7nm, an astonishing increase of more than 80%. Among them, integrated circuits can be subdivided into logic circuits, memory, processors and analog circuits, and the proportion of these four products in 2021 is 285%, 267%, 143% and 133% respectively. In 2021, memory, analog circuits and logic circuits will achieve greater growth.
Among them, the wafer is the raw material from quartz sand, the thinner the cost is lower, but the higher the process requirements; Mask cost involves the process, the thinner the cost is higher. The cost of the test package is approximatelyTotal chip cost 20%. From the comprehensive cost point of view, the more chip processing, the better, and the more high-end the chip, the more expensive. Taking Huawei Kirin 980's 7nm process as an example, TSMC's process needs tens of billions of dollars, and the development of Kirin 980 has invested more than 2 billion yuan.
Assuming a production line capable of producing 32nm chips, the cost is as high as $4.5 billion, the research and development cost is as high as $900 million, and the design cost is also $100 million. By 16nm, the construction cost of the fab has reached $9 billion, the research and development cost has increased to $1.8 billion, and the design cost has also risen to $2.2 billion, as a wholeWhat's the difference between a wafer and a wafer? '> What's the difference between a chip and a wafer?1, wafer: refers to the silicon wafer used in the production of silicon semiconductor integrated circuits, because its shape is round, it is called wafer; It can be processed into various circuit component structures on silicon wafers, and become IC products with specific electrical functions. The original material of the wafer is silicon, and the earth's crust is inexhaustible silica.
2, the difference between a wafer and a chip is the relationship between them. The chip acts as the base of the chip or the chip is embedded in the chip. Together they constitute important for widespread use in the field of electronicsUnit.
3, the difference between chips and chips: integrated circuits, or microcircuits, microchips, chips (in electronics is a way of miniaturizing circuits (mainly including semiconductor devices, but also including passive components, etc.), and usually manufactured on the surface of semiconductor wafers. The aforementioned integrated circuits that manufacture circuits on the surface of semiconductor chips are also known as thin film integrated circuits.
The wafer is the starting point of chip manufacturing. Wafer is a thin sheet of silicon substrate material used forManufacture of integrated circuit chips. It is one of the basic materials for the manufacture of electronic devices and integrated circuits. Wafers are made of monocrystalline silicon material and have a flat surface and a highly pure structure. In the chip manufacturing process, the wafer is cut into hundreds or even thousands of small squares, each of which becomes a separate chip.
Wafers are the basis of chip manufacturing. In the process of chip manufacturing, a series of processes such as etching, photolithography and deposition are needed on the wafer surface to eventually form micron-level electronic components on the wafer surface, that is, chips. A chip is a microelectronic component formed on a wafer that contains a variety of functionsCircuit is an indispensable and important part of electronic equipment.
The difference between a wafer and a chip is the relationship between them. The chip acts as the base of the chip or the chip is embedded in the chip. Together they constitute an important unit that is widely used in the field of electronics.
LED chip: also known as led light chip, is the core component of led lamp, that is, refers to the P-N junction. A solid-state semiconductor device. Lamp bead: light emitting diode abbreviation for LED. Wafer: is the core part of the LED, a single grain is fixed on the plastic or ceramic chip base.