1. Trap electrons in Hall thrusters are placed in a magnetic field to ionize the propellant carried. There are two types of Hall thrusters: Stationary Plasma Thruster (SPT, also known as Hall effect thrusters) and anodic layer thrusters (TAL).
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2. The working principle of a typical Hall propeller. The cross electromagnetic field captures the electrons emitted from the cathode, and the electrons rotate around the magnetic field line and make an angular drift in the discharge area. The angular drift is the result of the interaction between the radial magnetic field and the axial electric field (the Hall effect).
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3. That's how Hall thrusters get their name. The angular drift electrons ionize after colliding with the propellant molecules entering the annular discharge chamber through the anode, forming a plasma in which the ions accelerate axially under the action of the electromagnetic field and are ejected at high speed to generate thrust.
Hall's electric push principle, its principle is the inert gas and high-speed rotating electrons collide to form a plasma, and then high-speed ejection to form a reaction force.
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This type of thruster mainly consumes electricity and a very small amount of inert gas, but the jet speed it forms is not to be underestimated, usually ten times that of the launch vehicle engine, so it has a very high specific impulse.
The Hall propulsion principle is to use the electric potential between the cylindrical anode and the negatively charged plasma forming the cathode to accelerate the ions. The propellant is introduced near the anode, and after ionization, flows to the cathode under the limitation of the magnetic field, and accelerates through it. When leaving the cathode, the ions will take electrons and neutralize and leave the propeller at high speed.
The specific impulse of Hall propulsion can be up to more than 6000S, and the thrust depends on the power, such as a typical Hall electric thrust can produce 83 millinews of thrust at 1.35KW, but it can reach 600 millinews at 10KW and 5.4 Newtons at 100KW (NASA's X3 Hall electric thrust engine, one of the world's top Hall electric thrust engines).
The high-power Hall electric propulsion technology developed by 510 Institute of the Fifth Academy of Astronautics has achieved a major breakthrough, marking that the performance of 100-kilowatt Hall thrusters in the field of high-power electric propulsion technology in China has reached the international advanced level.
In the ground test, the single-channel Hall thruster uses Xe as the working medium, the maximum power reaches 105 kW, the maximum thrust reaches 4.6N, and the maximum specific impulse exceeds 5100 seconds with krypton as the working medium
This engine will provide key technical support for the future manned moon landing, in-orbit service and manned landing on Mars, and can be said to be the most ideal engine for flying to the sea of stars at present.